ASTM-A802:95(R2015) pdf free download – Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Surface Acceptance Standards, Visual Examination.
2. 1.3.2 laps, and cold shuts, n—interchangeable terms to describe the appearance of the casting surface that is actually folded over. They develop due to low temperature, unfavorable flow conditions caused by oxide films, or combinations thereof.
2. 1 .3.3 misrun, n—an incompletely formed casting. due to only partial filling of the mold cavity when the liquid metal solidifies prematurely. The resulting casting appearance is characterized by rounded edges, for a mild degree of misrun. Irregular, malformed edges of more severe misruns, and not fully formed castings, are characteristic. Frequently, misruns are associated with such discontinuities as wrinkles or laps and folds, or both.
2.1.4 gas porosit n—a concave discontinuity in castings due to the evolution of gas. either from the solidifying metal or the surrounding mold.
2. 1 .5 inserts:
2.1 .5. 1 chapleis, n—metallic (steel) devices used to maintain the spacing between the core and the mold. Low liquid metal temperature and unfavorable flow conditions in the mold may produce insufficient fusion and cause irregular contact areas on the casting surface.
2. 1 .5.2 internal chills, n—metallic (steel) devices used to locally increase the rate of heat removal during solidification. Incomplete fusion due to low liquid steel temperatures and prevailing flow conditions may produce irregularities of the surface similar to those that may be associated with chaplets.
2. 1 .6 linear discontinuities, n—elongated discontinu itics are considered linear if their length equals or exceeds three times the width.
2. 1 .6. 1 cracks, n— cold and hot, less jagged. sometimes straight ruptures that occur after solidification of the casting, due to excessive strain. Sometimes cracks are referred to as cold, hot, or heat treat-cracks to indicate the condition of the castings, or the operation during which the cracks occur.
2.1.6.2 hot tears, n—jagged ruptures in castings that occur during the final stages of solidification, while there is still some liquid in the interdendritic spaces. or shortly after solidification is complete.
crater-like appearance of the casting surface depression is typical.
2.1.8.2 Depressions on the casting surface caused by slag are similar to those caused by ceroxides. They differ by a more rounded appearance of the depression and do not exhibit the crater-like appearance of ceroxides.
2.1.8.3 Depressions caused by sand are similar to those of ceroxides and slag. Their appearance may, at times, more closely reflect the granular nature of the sand.
2.1.9 shrinkage under risers and gales, and rei’ealed by machining, n—a shrinkage void is a discontinuity in castings due to the lack of available liquid feed metal during solidification contraction. Riser removal and machining may reveal shrinkage that extends from the interior of the casting to the near surface area.
2.1.10 surface texture, ti—cast surfaces have a iii ultidirectional lay, without the uniform sequence of ridges and valleys of machined surfaces.
2.1.11 welding:
2.1.11.1 weld undercuts, n—narrow elongated depressions that border the weld contour and result from improper welding conditions or inadequate control of welding operations.
2.1.11.2 weld spauer n—weld metal droplets that solidified against and adhere to the component being welded.
3. Ordering Information.