EN ISO 17637:2011 pdf free download – Non-destructive testing of welds – Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 17637:2003).
b) there are no tool impressions or blow marks;
c) when weld dressing is required, overheating of the joint due to grinding is avoided and that grinding marks and an uneven finish are also avoided;
d) for fillet welds and butt welds to be dressed flush, the joint merges smoothly with the parent metal without under flushing.
If imperfections (caused by dressing or otherwise) are observed, they shall be reported so that remedial action can be taken.
4.4.3 Profile and dimensions
The weld shall be examined to check that:
a) the profile of the weld face and the height of any excess weld metal meet the requirements of the acceptance standard (see 4.4.1);
b) the surface of the weld is regular: the pattern and the pitch of weave marks present an even and satisfactory visual appearance; the distance between the last layer and the parent metal or the position of runs has been measured where required by the WPS;
c) the weld width is consistent over the whole of the joint and that it meets the requirements given in the weld drawing or acceptance standard (see 4.4.1); in the case of butt welds, the weld preparation shall be checked to ensure that it has been completely filled.
4.4.4 Weld root and surfaces
The visually accessible parts of the weld, i.e. the weld root for a single-sided butt weld and the weld surfaces, shall be examined for deviations from the acceptance standard (see 4.4.1).
The weld shall be examined to check that:
a) in the case of single-sided butt welds, the penetration, root concavity and any burn-through or shrinkage grooves are within the limits specified in the acceptance standard over the whole of the joint;
b) any undercut is within the requirements of the acceptance standard;
c) any imperfections such as cracks or porosity, detected using optical aids when necessary, in the weld surface or heat affected zones comply with the appropriate acceptance criteria;
d) any attachments temporarily welded to the object to facilitate production or assembly and which are prejudicial to the function of the object or the ability to examine it are removed so that the object is not damaged; the area where the attachment was fixed shall be checked to ensure freedom of cracks;
e) any arc strikes are within the limits of the acceptance standard.
4.4.5 Post-weld heat treatment
Further testing may be required after post-weld heat treatment.
4.5 Visual testing of repaired welds
4.5.1 General
When welds fail to comply wholly or in part with the acceptance criteria and repair is necessary, the welded joint shall be examined in accordance with 4.5.2 and 4.5.3 prior to re-welding.
A.1 The following is a list of equipment typically used for carrying out visual tests of welded joints:
a) straight edge or measuring tape with a graduation of 1 mm or finer;
b) vernier calliper in accordance with ISO 3599;
c) feeler gauge with a sufficient number of feelers to measure dimensions between 0,1 mm and 3 mm in steps of 0,1 mm at most;
d) radius gauge;
e) magnifying lens with a magnificationx 2 tox 5; the lens should preferably have a scale, see ISO 3058;
f) lamps.
A.2 The following equipment may also be needed:
a) profile measuring device with a wire diameter or width≤1 mm, where each wire end is rounded;
b) material for impression of welds, e.g. cold setting plastic or clay;
c) for visual inspection of welds with limited accessbility, mirrors, endoscopes, boroscopes, fibre optics or TV-cameras may be used;
d) other measurement devices e.g. specifically designed welding gauges, height/depth gauges, rulers or protractors.
A.3 Typical measurement devices and gauges are listed in detail in Table A.1.
NOTE These devices and gauges are included as examples of testing equipment. Some of the designs may be registered designs or the subject of patents.