IEEE 1560:2005 pdf free download – IEEE Standard for Methods of Measurement of Radio-Frequency Power-Line Interference Filter in the Range of 100 Hz to 10 GHz
At low frequencies (below 100 kHz), power-line source impedance characteristics are primarily related tothe source’s ability to deliver the current with minimum voltage distortion.Hence,it is important tocharacterize the load for these frequencies without the filter in the circuit.The desired parameters to bereached are a nonlincar load whose current crest factor is approximately 2.2 and a voltage distortion below2%.This would be qualified as a “stiff”source.Once the load crest factor has been determined,then avariable or fixed reactor may be introduced to provide a voltage drop of 3% to 9% at the current rating ofload used for the test without the filter in place, thus providing a “soft”source.For further informationregarding nonlincar loading and source information, refer to Annex C.
For frequencies above 100 kHz, the typical power-line characteristic impedance is observed to beapproximately 50 ohms. Line-impedance stabilization network (LISN) or artificial mains network (AMN) isused to provide this standardized source impedance during testing.The popular 50 uH LISN has beendetermined to be best suited for this application and has its origin in such test practices as MIL-STD-461E-1999 [B15], and CISPR 16-2:2003 [B4], or IEC 61000-4-3:2002[B5].For further details regarding the useand selection of the 5 uH LISN, refer to Annex E.
1.3.1.4 Aperture leak tests
一Aperture leak test selection (see 10.6)
To determine realistic filter performance above 1 GHz, it is necessary to perform radiated electric field teststo determine aperture leaks and mounting issues.For typical power-line filters,IEEE Std 299 should bereferenced. Mode stirred chamber setups are not required. Basic radiated emission test setups found in MIL-STD-461E-1999 [B15] may be employed for the filter aperture testing and are illustrated in the test setup.Measurements are taken in three dimensions at about 2 m separation of the chosen antenna set.Eithermatched bow ties, dipoles, or microwave horns may be used.
1.3.1.5 Voltage drop and waveform quality tests
— Voltage drop and waveform quality test (linear/nonlincar loading)(see 10.7)
Equipment operating within a shielded enclosure often presents a nonlinear load to the ac power supply.Thenonlinearity arises from bridge rectifiers within the equipment charging a filter capacitor at each peak of theac voltage. The pulses of current drawn by the equipment, combined with the inductance presented by thepower-line filters,can cause serious distortion (flat-topping) of the ac voltage following the filter. if thevoltage distortion is sufficiently serious, equipment malfunctions can result.Refer to Annex C for furtherdetails.
In today’s electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) environment, it is crucial to gain an understanding of theeffects and parameters of filters, sources, and loads. Annex G provides information on designing filters forworst-case behavior and understanding the impedance domain for the networks.From Annex G we can seethat a filter is a complex network that can be broken down into H- and S-parameters. Also sources and loadsmay be described accordingly. Annex D describes the measurement techniques and use of such parametersand how to model the data provided to choose a filter best matched for the intended installation.Thesemethods are best used but not limited to when designing systems for fuel cells, mission-critical loads, andvarious distributed generation sources.