IEEE 1827:2016 pdf free download – IEEE Guide for Electrical and Control Design of Hydroelectric Water Conveyance Facilities
1.1 Scope
This guide describes the electrical and control design of water conveyance facilities associated with hydro-electric projects including associated penstocks,valves, and gates. The guide includes guidance to plan andprepare designs; however, it does not include details of installation, operation, or maintenance guidelines andmethodologies. This guide is applicable to design of new facilities and rehabilitation or replacement of exist-ing facilities.
1.2 Purpose
This guide provides a description of the terminology, as well as the design practices and principles used inmodern electrical and control design of water conveyance facilities associated with hydroelectric projects.The practices and principles are not covered by other guides associated with hydroelectric facilities. Thisguide is for use by practicing engineers and provides guidance for facility owners and operators. The guidedoes not cover every possible variation that can be encountered, but it provides a working familiarity with theterminology and principles involved.
1.3 Use of this guide
This guide is intended for the practicing engineer who has some familiarity with electrical and control sys-tem design. This guide provides a control hierarchy capable of standalone operation or interfacing with othersystems. This guide provides comprehensive considerations for design, monitoring,control, protection, andoperation of water conveyance facilities associated with hydroelectric projects. It provides guidance in electri-cal and instrumentation work unique to water conveyance systems. It provides guidance for the safe control ofwater release systems, bypass systems, and failure modes. It provides reliability measures such as redundancyand power source considerations. It introduces the gate and valve types and associated operating mechanisms.This guide covers power and non-power water conduits including penstocks, tunnels, and canals. It does notinclude hydraulic turbines or their flow control devices (wicket gates, nozzles, etc.).
6.2 Gate operating mechanism
Gates are typically devices that require some means of external actuation to either raise, lower, open, or close.This is accomplished through the use of some type of gate operating mechanism. Typically, gates are hydrau-lically actuated, pneumatically actuated, or mechanically driven by an electric motor.For example, an electricmotor may be connected to a gear box that actuates a lifting mechanism, such as a rotating drum, that lifts thegate via a wire rope or chain. These operating mechanisms should be capable of moving the gate throughoutthe range of actuation under normal and abnormal loading conditions. Human powered operation may be usedfor some small gates. It is also sometimes a backup method for larger gates. Gate operating mechanisms can beeither fixed-in-place(fully dedicated to a particular gate or set of gates) or mobile(capable of operating multi-ple gates or valves). In some cases, fixed, mobile, or rail-mounted cranes are used to operate gates. Dependingon the application, provisions may need to be made for backup gate operating mechanisms (see 7.1).
7.Electric supply and distribution
Electrical power systems should follow all applicable design and safety codes. The design should considerthe distances between source and loads, difficulties in obtaining good ground paths, and differences in groundpotential over large areas.Voltage drop should be evaluated for worst case conditions including operation ofsimultaneous loads. Often conductor size, transformer size, backup generator size, and/or voltage need to beincreased to provide adequate power and voltage support, particularly when starting large motors. Operationof simultaneous loads may dictate power supply requirements; therefore, a load study should be performed.
Power is preferably fed from the power station ac and dc supplies wherever practical.However, it is oftenmore cost effective and efficient to feed some areas from alternate distribution supplies. If this is done, theintegrity and reliability of these supplies should be considered, and backups provided for critical functions.
Power supplies to critical remote equipment should be monitored.Examples of monitoring include under-voltage monitoring and breaker trip bell alarms. For safety related or critical equipment this should includealarming at an attended location.